bpf: Enforce trusted BTF ID argument provenance

A global subprogram parameter tagged __arg_trusted is verified with
PTR_TRUSTED, but the common call-site type check accepts bare PTR_TO_BTF_ID
and MEM_RCU registers. The callee can consequently pass a pointer with
weaker provenance to a kfunc that does not accept RCU-protected pointers.

RCU protection only guarantees that the object remains allocated through a
grace period. It does not guarantee that an object's refcount is nonzero,
so an RCU-protected pointer cannot satisfy the trusted-pointer contract.
For example, an RCU-protected bpf_cpumask loaded from a map may have a
zero refcount. Passing it through __arg_trusted lets the callee pass it
to bpf_cpumask_acquire(), whose plain refcount_inc() can retain an object
that will be freed after the grace period.

Make the existing provenance check contract-driven. Mark generated BTF ID
kfunc argument types with PTR_TRUSTED, and add MEM_RCU only for KF_RCU
kfuncs. Normalize PTR_MAYBE_NULL when the argument contract permits it.
Then use the argument flags to require trusted or referenced provenance
and allow MEM_RCU only when the contract says so.

Split is_trusted_reg() so the normalized type is used for type and modifier
checks while reference lookup still uses the original register. Conversion
of scalar-struct BTF ID arguments to fixed-size memory continues to
construct a new ARG_PTR_TO_MEM type without PTR_TRUSTED.

Fixes: e2b3c4ff5d18 ("bpf: add __arg_trusted global func arg tag")
Suggested-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Yiyang Chen <chenyy23@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn>
Reviewed-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20261007-a3-arg-trusted-v4-v4-1-253ef3a1a69a@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>