Deadline IO scheduler tunables
==============================

This little file attempts to document how the deadline io scheduler works.
In particular, it will clarify the meaning of the exposed tunables that may be
of interest to power users.

Each io queue has a set of io scheduler tunables associated with it. These
tunables control how the io scheduler works. You can find these entries
in:

/sys/block/<device>/queue/iosched

assuming that you have sysfs mounted on /sys. If you don't have sysfs mounted,
you can do so by typing:

# mount none /sys -t sysfs


********************************************************************************


read_expire	(in ms)
-----------

The goal of the deadline io scheduler is to attempt to guarantee a start
service time for a request. As we focus mainly on read latencies, this is
tunable. When a read request first enters the io scheduler, it is assigned
a deadline that is the current time + the read_expire value in units of
milliseconds.


write_expire	(in ms)
-----------

Similar to read_expire mentioned above, but for writes.


fifo_batch
----------

When a read request expires its deadline, we must move some requests from
the sorted io scheduler list to the block device dispatch queue. fifo_batch
controls how many requests we move, based on the cost of each request. A
request is either qualified as a seek or a stream. The io scheduler knows
the last request that was serviced by the drive (or will be serviced right
before this one). See seek_cost and stream_unit.


write_starved	(number of dispatches)
-------------

When we have to move requests from the io scheduler queue to the block
device dispatch queue, we always give a preference to reads. However, we
don't want to starve writes indefinitely either. So writes_starved controls
how many times we give preference to reads over writes. When that has been
done writes_starved number of times, we dispatch some writes based on the
same criteria as reads.


front_merges	(bool)
------------

Sometimes it happens that a request enters the io scheduler that is contigious
with a request that is already on the queue. Either it fits in the back of that
request, or it fits at the front. That is called either a back merge candidate
or a front merge candidate. Due to the way files are typically laid out,
back merges are much more common than front merges. For some work loads, you
may even know that it is a waste of time to spend any time attempting to
front merge requests. Setting front_merges to 0 disables this functionality.
Front merges may still occur due to the cached last_merge hint, but since
that comes at basically 0 cost we leave that on. We simply disable the
rbtree front sector lookup when the io scheduler merge function is called.


Nov 11 2002, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>