x86/tsc: Add option to force frequency recalibration with HW timer
The kernel assumes that the TSC frequency which is provided by the
hardware / firmware via MSRs or CPUID(0x15) is correct after applying
a few basic consistency checks. This disables the TSC recalibration
against HPET or PM timer.
As a result there is no mechanism to validate that frequency in cases
where a firmware or hardware defect is suspected. And there was case
that some user used atomic clock to measure the TSC frequency and
reported an inaccuracy issue, which was later fixed in firmware.
Add an option 'recalibrate' for 'tsc' kernel parameter to force the
tsc freq recalibration with HPET or PM timer, and warn if the
deviation from previous value is more than about 500 PPM, which
provides a way to verify the data from hardware / firmware.
There is no functional change to existing work flow.
Recently there was a real-world case: "The 40ms/s divergence between
TSC and HPET was observed on hardware that is quite recent" [1], on
that platform the TSC frequence 1896 MHz was got from CPUID(0x15),
and the force-reclibration with HPET/PMTIMER both calibrated out
value of 1975 MHz, which also matched with check from software
'chronyd', indicating it's a problem of BIOS or firmware.
[Thanks tglx for helping improving the commit log]
[ paulmck: Wordsmith Kconfig help text. ]
[1]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20221117230910.GI4001@paulmck-ThinkPad-P17-Gen-1/
Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: <x86@kernel.org>
Cc: <linux-doc@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index 6cfa6e3..95f0d10 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -6369,6 +6369,10 @@
in situations with strict latency requirements (where
interruptions from clocksource watchdog are not
acceptable).
+ [x86] recalibrate: force recalibration against a HW timer
+ (HPET or PM timer) on systems whose TSC frequency was
+ obtained from HW or FW using either an MSR or CPUID(0x15).
+ Warn if the difference is more than 500 ppm.
tsc_early_khz= [X86] Skip early TSC calibration and use the given
value instead. Useful when the early TSC frequency discovery
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
index af3782f..a5371c6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@
int tsc_clocksource_reliable;
+static int __read_mostly tsc_force_recalibrate;
+
static u32 art_to_tsc_numerator;
static u32 art_to_tsc_denominator;
static u64 art_to_tsc_offset;
@@ -303,6 +305,8 @@
mark_tsc_unstable("boot parameter");
if (!strcmp(str, "nowatchdog"))
no_tsc_watchdog = 1;
+ if (!strcmp(str, "recalibrate"))
+ tsc_force_recalibrate = 1;
return 1;
}
@@ -1379,6 +1383,25 @@
else
freq = calc_pmtimer_ref(delta, ref_start, ref_stop);
+ /* Will hit this only if tsc_force_recalibrate has been set */
+ if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC_KNOWN_FREQ)) {
+
+ /* Warn if the deviation exceeds 500 ppm */
+ if (abs(tsc_khz - freq) > (tsc_khz >> 11)) {
+ pr_warn("Warning: TSC freq calibrated by CPUID/MSR differs from what is calibrated by HW timer, please check with vendor!!\n");
+ pr_info("Previous calibrated TSC freq:\t %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
+ (unsigned long)tsc_khz / 1000,
+ (unsigned long)tsc_khz % 1000);
+ }
+
+ pr_info("TSC freq recalibrated by [%s]:\t %lu.%03lu MHz\n",
+ hpet ? "HPET" : "PM_TIMER",
+ (unsigned long)freq / 1000,
+ (unsigned long)freq % 1000);
+
+ return;
+ }
+
/* Make sure we're within 1% */
if (abs(tsc_khz - freq) > tsc_khz/100)
goto out;
@@ -1412,8 +1435,10 @@
if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_TSC) || !tsc_khz)
return 0;
- if (tsc_unstable)
- goto unreg;
+ if (tsc_unstable) {
+ clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
+ return 0;
+ }
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NONSTOP_TSC_S3))
clocksource_tsc.flags |= CLOCK_SOURCE_SUSPEND_NONSTOP;
@@ -1426,9 +1451,10 @@
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ART))
art_related_clocksource = &clocksource_tsc;
clocksource_register_khz(&clocksource_tsc, tsc_khz);
-unreg:
clocksource_unregister(&clocksource_tsc_early);
- return 0;
+
+ if (!tsc_force_recalibrate)
+ return 0;
}
schedule_delayed_work(&tsc_irqwork, 0);
